SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
One can say that “Social development is a process which results in the transformation of social structures in a manner which improves the capacity of the society to fulfill its aspirations”. Society develops by consciousness and social consciousness develops by organization. A social development approach integrates as far as possible the generation of poverty and policy analysis with the process of including citizens and service users in policy cycles. In recent years, participatory processes have evolved from their roots in community development and micro-project design to become mainstreamed in macro-level policy discussions. For the past several years, social development has acquired a new salience in development thinking. Traditionally, development was seen mainly in terms of accretion in the material wealth of nations, and was measured in terms of rate of growth in domestic product. Economic growth itself was regarded as a function of capital inputs, both foreign and domestic. The main pursuit of economic policy was to mobilize the resources required for achieving a desired rate of growth. Acceleration in the rate of growth was supposed to take care of both economic and social problems.
In contemporary India the social problems are the result of a complex nexus between the factors of exclusion and inclusion rooted in history, values, and cultural ethos. Many of these problems based on the policy of segregation have not been addressed by the development strategy launched since Independence. Today, however, in the policy debate, orthodox economic liberalism is giving way to concerns regarding social consequences of globalization, as it affects the poorest and the marginalized sections of the population. Thus, a number of highly important and far-reaching social policy measures have been brought on to the development agenda, in the form of the Right to Information Act, Rural Employment Guarantee Act, and the Rural Health Mission among others and finally constitution of national advisory council chaired by Mr’s Sonia Gandhi is an open illustration of importance of social development at national level. This is also an indication of today’s scenario at the government level importance of inclusion of social policy in to variety of development plan and programmes being executed at top to bottom of the country
The current ongoing debate across the nation in food security bill also reflects that social developments have become an area of paramount importance for them. It has been emphasized that bill in current form is more of a food entitlement bill rather than a food security bill. One of the key area that is missing is to lack of measures to improve the nutrition status of general population and without them food security bill may not be as effective as it should be, given a fact that 19.8 % of children under-5 years of age are wasted or around 30 million children in India suffer from a form of acute malnutrition ,only the states of Madhya Pradesh, Bihar and Uttar Pradesh account a number higher than the whole Africa in terms of SAM children for 2006, ,Acute malnutrition has higher concentration within children from rural areas (21 %), tribal & scheduled caste (28 % & 21 %), illiterate mother (23 %) and children under-3 (23 %). In one of the least developed state in India, Bihar the “Mukhymantri Balika Bycycle Yozna” which provides cycles to the girls of vulnerable community at free cost to enable them to cross some distance to complete their education is becoming highly popular. Number of civil society organizations, national and international organizations like DFID is also helping to achieve standard social indicators by number of prg on health, livelihood, Panchayati Raj, Urban Reform etc. Another flagship prg of government of India MNREGA which aims as enhancing the livelihood security of people in rural areas by guaranteeing hundred days of wage-employment in a financial year to a rural household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work is running quite successfully inspite of plethora of loop holes at the grass root level implementation. As per the latest 1.79 crore household has been provided man-day’s it includes 21.44% of SC population, 19.87% of ST population. If we discuss the penetration of this prg in Bihar according to the data available total
The whole idea behind this is to understand that how through the wheels of social development poverty and unemployment at mass level is being addressed in to various states and region of country. The introduction of smart card to the primary beneficiaries would also help to plug the leak in finance redistribution to the beneficiaries. If we analyse the expenditure on the basis of work division, maximum resources has been spent on rural connectivity with the village. Anther programme of immense social development launched by GoI is NRHM (National Rural Health Mission) recognizes the importance health in the process of socio- economic development of society. It adopts a synergistic approach by relating health to determinants of good health viz. segments of nutrition, sanitation, hygiene and safe drinking water The NRHM works within five different approaches namely community, flexible financing, monitor progress against standards improved management through capacity building, innovation in human resource management . If we talk about the achievement under this prg and considering the fact the health is s state subject and centre is trying to galvanise the state governments to resource the pool to achieve the set targets under NRHM gains are still considerable. As per the government data more than 8.09 lakh ASHA selected, 2.55 lakh trained and up to fifth module of health training standard and 5 lakh drug kits have been distributed. Around 1600 specialists, 8000 MBBS doctors, 26,000 staff nurses, 47,000 ANMS etc have been added in health human resource under the prg. Further around 3.5 crore women are covered under Janani Suraksha Yozna so far. What I mean to express by using these facts that social development has gigantic role to play in healthy and robust development of any society. Better social development indicator is one of the shining mirror of society through prism of development of human kind can be measured and acts as an imperative for further economic growth that brings more equity in the regionally imbalanced Indian states in terms of economics and social scale.
One can say that “Social development is a process which results in the transformation of social structures in a manner which improves the capacity of the society to fulfill its aspirations”. Society develops by consciousness and social consciousness develops by organization. A social development approach integrates as far as possible the generation of poverty and policy analysis with the process of including citizens and service users in policy cycles. In recent years, participatory processes have evolved from their roots in community development and micro-project design to become mainstreamed in macro-level policy discussions. For the past several years, social development has acquired a new salience in development thinking. Traditionally, development was seen mainly in terms of accretion in the material wealth of nations, and was measured in terms of rate of growth in domestic product. Economic growth itself was regarded as a function of capital inputs, both foreign and domestic. The main pursuit of economic policy was to mobilize the resources required for achieving a desired rate of growth. Acceleration in the rate of growth was supposed to take care of both economic and social problems.
In contemporary India the social problems are the result of a complex nexus between the factors of exclusion and inclusion rooted in history, values, and cultural ethos. Many of these problems based on the policy of segregation have not been addressed by the development strategy launched since Independence. Today, however, in the policy debate, orthodox economic liberalism is giving way to concerns regarding social consequences of globalization, as it affects the poorest and the marginalized sections of the population. Thus, a number of highly important and far-reaching social policy measures have been brought on to the development agenda, in the form of the Right to Information Act, Rural Employment Guarantee Act, and the Rural Health Mission among others and finally constitution of national advisory council chaired by Mr’s Sonia Gandhi is an open illustration of importance of social development at national level. This is also an indication of today’s scenario at the government level importance of inclusion of social policy in to variety of development plan and programmes being executed at top to bottom of the country
The current ongoing debate across the nation in food security bill also reflects that social developments have become an area of paramount importance for them. It has been emphasized that bill in current form is more of a food entitlement bill rather than a food security bill. One of the key area that is missing is to lack of measures to improve the nutrition status of general population and without them food security bill may not be as effective as it should be, given a fact that 19.8 % of children under-5 years of age are wasted or around 30 million children in India suffer from a form of acute malnutrition ,only the states of Madhya Pradesh, Bihar and Uttar Pradesh account a number higher than the whole Africa in terms of SAM children for 2006, ,Acute malnutrition has higher concentration within children from rural areas (21 %), tribal & scheduled caste (28 % & 21 %), illiterate mother (23 %) and children under-3 (23 %). In one of the least developed state in India, Bihar the “Mukhymantri Balika Bycycle Yozna” which provides cycles to the girls of vulnerable community at free cost to enable them to cross some distance to complete their education is becoming highly popular. Number of civil society organizations, national and international organizations like DFID is also helping to achieve standard social indicators by number of prg on health, livelihood, Panchayati Raj, Urban Reform etc. Another flagship prg of government of India MNREGA which aims as enhancing the livelihood security of people in rural areas by guaranteeing hundred days of wage-employment in a financial year to a rural household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work is running quite successfully inspite of plethora of loop holes at the grass root level implementation. As per the latest 1.79 crore household has been provided man-day’s it includes 21.44% of SC population, 19.87% of ST population. If we discuss the penetration of this prg in Bihar according to the data available total
The whole idea behind this is to understand that how through the wheels of social development poverty and unemployment at mass level is being addressed in to various states and region of country. The introduction of smart card to the primary beneficiaries would also help to plug the leak in finance redistribution to the beneficiaries. If we analyse the expenditure on the basis of work division, maximum resources has been spent on rural connectivity with the village. Anther programme of immense social development launched by GoI is NRHM (National Rural Health Mission) recognizes the importance health in the process of socio- economic development of society. It adopts a synergistic approach by relating health to determinants of good health viz. segments of nutrition, sanitation, hygiene and safe drinking water The NRHM works within five different approaches namely community, flexible financing, monitor progress against standards improved management through capacity building, innovation in human resource management . If we talk about the achievement under this prg and considering the fact the health is s state subject and centre is trying to galvanise the state governments to resource the pool to achieve the set targets under NRHM gains are still considerable. As per the government data more than 8.09 lakh ASHA selected, 2.55 lakh trained and up to fifth module of health training standard and 5 lakh drug kits have been distributed. Around 1600 specialists, 8000 MBBS doctors, 26,000 staff nurses, 47,000 ANMS etc have been added in health human resource under the prg. Further around 3.5 crore women are covered under Janani Suraksha Yozna so far. What I mean to express by using these facts that social development has gigantic role to play in healthy and robust development of any society. Better social development indicator is one of the shining mirror of society through prism of development of human kind can be measured and acts as an imperative for further economic growth that brings more equity in the regionally imbalanced Indian states in terms of economics and social scale.
